The Symphony Orchestra At The Usf Concert Hall - 1036 Words

On the afternoon of November 23rd, there was a performance by the USF Symphony Orchestra at the USF Concert Hall. Their performance, which was masterful from beginning to end, featured guest artists Jay Hunsberger on the tuba and Dolly Roberts on the harp. The performance began with Fanfare for the Common Man by Aaron Copland, a piece that started with a bang. The pang of a gong, and the beat of the drums, immediately captured and captivated the audience from the start. The slow build that led up to the trumpets and other brass instruments folding in, possessed an almost militaristic feel. Upon looking into the composer, it was no wonder why the triumphant sounds produced by the brass instruments came off as militaristic. Copland composed the piece during World War II. According to Elizabeth Bergman Crist, Copland: â€Å" . . . committed himself to creating music at once unabashedly modern he committed himself to creating music at once unabashedly modern and identifiably American. The ‘desire to be American was symptomatic of the period,’ he wrote in a later reminiscence. He recalled being ‘anxious to write a work that would immediately be recognized as American in character’ and so turned to jazz as ‘an easy way to be American in musical terms.’ † (â€Å"Music for the Common Man: Aaron Copland During the Depression and War,† p. 3). It is obvious that Copland accomplished his goal of creating â€Å"American† music. Fanfare for the Common Man is an iconic piece, often played in movies

Periodontal Therapy And Glycemic Control Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(19) " to merely 4 hits\." What affects 25.8 million people of all ages and 8.3 % of the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Periodontal Therapy And Glycemic Control Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now S population? Diabetes. It is estimated there are 18.8 million people diagnosed with another 7 million undiagnosed. 1 The effects of diabetes can be mitigated with rigorous control and high conformity with medical regimen, be it tradition insulin replacing for type I diabetics or peripheral moving drugs that suppress glucose production by the liver or aid to increase insulin production which are most common in Type II diabetic patients. The difference in the two types of diabetes and their direction is beyond the range of this treatment. Suffice it to state that with uncontrolled diabetes patients are at really high hazard of microvascular disease ; including but non limited to: neuropathies, nephritic disease, and sightlessness. In add-on an increased hazard of MI, stroke, possible demand for limb amputations, and periodontic disease. Dental research workers have proposed that IL-1I? , IL-6, and CRP from periodontic infection might lend to the entire inflammatory load. ( 2 as cited in4 ) It is from this thought that a two manner relationship between diabetes and periodontic disease stems. So direction ends in respect to diabetes is to keep glycemic control as near to normal as possible to avoid inauspicious effects and maintain overall wellness. With about 1 in 10 people enduring from diabetes it is of import as a wellness professionals and clinicians to acknowledge these wellness hazards in our dental patients and work in concert with their primary attention supplier to advance glycemic control in order to assist keep overall wellness, in add-on to unwritten wellness. There is great chance in garnering a thorough medical history from patients to place possible symptoms: frequent micturition, utmost hungriness and thirst, weariness, weight loss, alterations in vision, prickling or numbness in custodies and pess, frequent infections ; and refer patients who we suspect as possible undiagnosed diabetic patients. Although medical physicians are the lone 1 ‘s qualified to name and handle diabetic patients. The intent of this literature reappraisal is to look at a possible chance that tooth doctors may hold to assist in glycemic control and thereby aid patients to hold better overall general wellness. Patients Presentation Patient M, a 39 Indian male presented to clinic 2CDB on July 2, 2012 with a main ailment of shed blooding gums and a loose tooth. Critical marks were BP1 135/90 BP2 126/90 with a pulse rate of 83. He is 5’11 † and 180lbs. A thorough medical history was undertaken and the patient reported history of high blood pressure, thorax strivings, diabetes, and occasional pyrosis. Patient unclear/uncertain of timeline and stated he had been having medical intervention for a few old ages and was uncertain of his current medicines or doses and reported to seldom supervising blood glucose. Patient studies smoking history of 7 battalion old ages and quit 15 old ages ago. Patient denies intoxicant ingestion and studies his dental history as exigency visits, coppices more than one time day-to-day and ne’er flosses. Patient studies trouble masticating nutrient due to shed blooding gums. During a reappraisal of systems the patient studies frequent hungriness and abdominal hurting. I OE/EOE ( aside from teething ) was within normal bounds. A medical consult was sent for a more thorough history including: history of disease, current medicines, HgbA1c, and specific recommendations for intervention. An assignment was scheduled for two hebdomads with the patient informed for demand of returning with medical consult prior to intervention. The patient cancelled the assignment due to failure to have the medical consult and stated he would return to the clinic or put an assignment when he had it completed. The patient returned to the clinic on November 11, 2012 and was seen by another pupil tooth doctor and once more was sent with a medical consult to obtain complete history including: medicines and HgbA1c. The patient returned on December 12, 2012 with the completed consult. His doctor reported a history of high blood pressure, lipemia, and type II DM. His diabetic medicines included: Metformin 1000mg BID, and Prandin 2mg TID before repasts. HTN controlled with Lisinopril 20mg daily, Simvastatin 10mg for lipemia, and Omeprazole 20mg daily for reflux. CBC values of note were: WBC 11,400 cells/mcL ( marginal normal to high ) , hemoglobin 11.8 g/dL ( somewhat low ) , and an HgbA1c of 10.3 ( highly uncontrolled ) . In perspective normal HgbA1c degrees for non-diabetics autumn below 5.7 % and diabetic control is considered at or below 6.5-7 % . So 10.3 % is highly uncontrolled and puts the patient at hazard for diabetic complications discussed earlier including periodontic disease. Intra-oral test found shed blooding on light force per unit area at fringy gum, history of injury of 8, and 9 which had been splinted to 10,11 antecedently with a semi stiff wire and acrylic which contributed to plaque keeping and trouble keeping country clean. Mobility was found on the undermentioned dentition: 12,13,14,25,26 ( category 3 mobility ) , 3, 18,23, 32 ( category 2 mobility ) , and 4,7,8,15,17,20,27 ( category I mobility ) . 6,7,8,9,10,11 were hard to measure due to splinting of the dentition. Probing deepnesss showed terrible periodontic disease with deepnesss making 10+mm but in most countries 5-8mm examining deepnesss with category II and category III forking engagement. So presently the patient is considered chronic terrible periodontic disease and high hazard for uncontrolled diabetes ( which is a lending hazard factor for periodontic disease ) . Literature Review A clinical inquiry that is presently a popular country of research is if non-surgical periodontic intervention can assist in glycemic control? The PICO formulated is as follows: P- Diabetic Patients with periodontic disease I- Diabetic patients with perio disease having non-surgical grading and root planing C- Diabetic patients with perio disease having no therapy O- Glycemic control measured by HgbA1c A hunt was conducted through the NYU research portal via Medline/PubMed utilizing keywords of diabetes and grading and root planing. Merely free full text articles were included in the consequences, which limited the consequences down to merely 4 hits. You read "Periodontal Therapy And Glycemic Control Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" So the hunt was revised to the keywords periodontic intervention and diabetes to which 106 articles came back. Titles were assessed and 3 articles were selected for the literature reappraisal. Article I: Decrease in HbA1c degrees following non-surgical periodontic therapy in type-2 diabetic patients with chronic gerneralized periodontal disease: A periodontist ‘s role.3 Published in the Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology in 2012, Hungund and Panseriya looked at both clinical parametric quantities of non-surgical therapy along with metabolic parametric quantities as measured by HgbA1c both at baseline, and at three and six months. The purpose of the survey was to utilize HgbA1c measurings in respects to effectual periodontic intervention on glycemic control. The survey was a prospective instance control clinical survey comparison and experimental group of 15 type II diabetics and control group of 15 non-diabetics. In order to be included in the survey ( experimental group ) done by Hungund the patients had to: be between 30-70 old ages of age, and have presence of type II DM with HgbA1c a†°?6.0 % , FBG a†°?126mg/dl, and random blood glucose a†°?200mg/dl. In add-on to the confirmed diabetes diagnosis the patients had to hold clinical diagnosing of moderate generalized chronic periodontal disease ( ALOSS 4-6mm in all quarter-circles ) and radiographic bone loss of 30-50 % . All patients had to hold a†°?10 dentitions per arch no to include the 3rd grinders, no anterior perio intervention. Besides patients had to consent and commit to followup and could non have or hold any medicine alterations for two months before or during the survey. Patients to be excluded were: any presence of systemic disease that would act upon the patients periodontic disease or haemoglobin degrees in the blood, any disposal of anti-inflammatory antibiotics for four hebdomads prior to the survey, curre nt tobacco users or holding smoked within the last five old ages and pregnant adult females or adult females who intended to be pregnant during the six months of the survey. In looking at the inclusion criteria it was used really efficaciously to insulate the independent variable of non-surgical intervention. In the diabetic patients it was important to hold no medicine changes straight predating or during the survey because that could hold greatly confounded the consequences. In add-on anyone with disease that would/could modulate a patient ‘s periodontic disease were excluded, as were tobacco users a confounding hazard factor for periodontic disease. After the standards were applied they had an experimental group of merely 15 patients with a control ( non-diabetic ) of 15 patients. Although the control in this instance was non-diabetic patients alternatively of diabetics non having periodontic therapy it still efficaciously isolates periodontic therapy in diabetic patients as a possible causative agent to cut down glycemic burden. The job is that it introduces prejudices due to effect-modification. It may over-estimate the glycemic consequence be cause it fails to look at diabetic patients non having periodontic therapy. All of those patients prior to having non-surgical therapy were given unwritten hygiene direction, information on periodontic disease and supra-gingival prophylaxis, followed by scaling and root planing during a subsequent visit. The consequences of the survey found statistical significance for decrease of the followers: plaque index, shed blooding index, and gingival index. Probing depth decreases were important in both groups from baseline to three months and baseline to six months, but non important from three to six months. The PD were: 3.16 A ± 0.65 at baseline to 2.72 A ± 0.39 and 1.67 A ± 0.43 at three and six months. HgbA1c degrees were merely found to be statistically important from baseline to six months. The values at baseline were 8.18 A ± 1.56, and 7.20 A ± 1.37 and 6.73 A ±1.07 at three and six months in the diabetic group. In decision, the survey found important decrease in both examining deepnesss and glycated haemoglobin ( HgbA1c ) in diabetic patients. From baseline to six months the survey found a decrease of 18.5 % in the HgbA1c degrees. The article concludes that being as it seems a bipartisan relationship between both uncontrolled diabetes and periodontic disease and improved periodontic disease with improved control of diabetes it is clinically of import to work in coordination with the patients physician as a squad to accomplish better metabolic control of diabetes.3 The surveies chief failing was the highly little sample size. With an experimental and control group of merely 15 people each ; the survey decidedly can non be generalized to the population as a whole, besides due to geographic/ethnic restrictions of intervention groups. It besides is of import to observe that all survey participants were seeking either diabetic intervention or periodontic intervention, so it can non needfully be considered a random sampling of diabetic or periodontic patients. But the decisions of the survey if implemented would make no injury to the patients. Article II: Does Periodontal Treatment Improve Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients? A Meta-analysis of Intervention Studies4 The 2nd article reviewed authored by Janket, Wightman, and Baird was a meta-analysis that looked at intercession surveies to see if periodontic intervention improves glycemic control in diabetic patients. To happen possible surveies they did a hunt utilizing Medline, Cochrane, and Medicine Reviews by the American College of Physicians Journal Club for articles published in English with hunt footings geared toward diabetes, periodontic disease, glycemic control, and HgbA1c. To be included the survey had to be an original intercession where causal illation could be made, the survey had to be a least 2 months, either the primary or secondary result had to be step of glycemic control by HgbA1c, and autumn within the day of the month scope of 1980 and Jan. of 2005 in English. Ten surveies were included and all had non-surgical periodontic therapy as intercession with some of the surveies besides including rinses or systemic antibiotics, which could hold perchance confounded the consequences. A statistical trial for heterogeneousness was ran and the included surveies were deemed to be rather homogeneous. The 10 surveies combined to include 456 type I and type II diabetics and came up with non-significant difference in HgbA1c of 0.38 % average decrease. When dividing up type I and type II patients it appeared that type II diabetics consequences generated stronger effects of periodontic intervention on glycemic control but still was non-significant statistical mean decrease of 0.71 % ( limited to type 2 diabetics ) , so the meta-analysis could non reject the void hypothesis that periodontic intervention does non impact glycemic control The treatment suggested that future surveies be done to specifically aim type 2 diabetic patients, and that due to multi-factorial nature of both periodontic disease and diabetes that other lending factors such as smoke, BMI, and diet be adjusted to accomplish a more balanced randomisation. The meta-analysis station hoc showed that a sample size of at least 246 patients were needed to detect a 10 % lessening in HgbA1c. Since HgbA1c reflects long term glycemic control survey continuances should at least be 2 months if non longer. In add-on and most significantly that the periodontic intercession should ensue in clear periodontic betterment because an uneffective intercession may be no different that non-intervention. 4 This survey although neglecting to happen a statistical significance did a good occupation at proposing possibilities for future surveies. Article III: Consequence of Periodontal Treatment on Glycemic Control of Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis5 In 2010 Wijnand, Victor, and Bruno performed a systematic reappraisal and meta-analysis on the consequence of periodontic intervention on glycemic control in diabetic patients. The intent of the survey was to make a systematic reappraisal of intercession surveies and see if periodontic intervention affects the wellness of diabetic patients through bettering their blood sugar control compared with diabetic patients enduring from periodontic disease but non having intervention and holding at least a 3 month follow up. The writers searched Medline and Cochrane utilizing keywords runing from periodontic disease or periodontal disease or periodontic infection and diabetes or diabetic or diabetic patient. To be selected for inclusion in the reappraisal the surveies had to run into the undermentioned standards: original probe, intercession surveies with diabetic patients with periodontal disease split into intercession group to have therapy and control group to have no therapy, continuance of 3 months or more with results related to metabolic control in worlds topics. The original hunt found 639 eligible articles, which were finally narrowed down to five surveies to be included in the reappraisal and have informations extracted to be analyzed. From the surveies selected the chief characteristics of participants was extracted: features of the population, type of diabetes and its control and continuance, periodontic diagnosing, and intercession. Through assorted statistical trials the meta-analysis was performed. After rating the survey found that HgbA1c can be reduced in type 2 diabetic patients on mean by 0.40 % average decrease with CI of [ -0.77, -0.04 ] through periodontic therapy when compared to command topics. The writers advise cautiousness of the consequences for the undermentioned grounds: deficiency of heterogeneousness in surveies non generalizable to the full population, the little figure of surveies ( N=5 ) , study design defects due to selection prejudice by puting those avoiders of intervention in a control group, and besides 2 surveies used metabolically controlled patients which could perchance decrease the consequence. Besides many of the surveies concomitantly used systemic or local antibiotics, which could act upon the result and confound existent consequences of merely non-surgical therapy. The survey suggests the demand for farther intercession surveies and asserts that the intervention of more terrible signifiers of periodontal disease could be more good in footings of HgbA1c due to an increased inflammatory load and what I would name more room for betterment. Further suggestions for future surveies include: a big individual blind RCT of diabetics with moderate to severe periodontal disease, a follow up period of 6 months or longer, a sample size big plenty to analyse and distinguish between moderate to severe periodontal disease. 5 Synthesis So through the reappraisal of the anterior the little intercession survey by Hungund found a important difference of glycemic control betterment of 18 % reduction3 when compared to the two meta-analysis surveies, which found differences of average HgbA1c decrease 0.70 % 4 ( non-significant ) and a average HgbA1c decrease of 0.40 % 5 ( important ) after follow up. That is a prodigious difference in decrease, which could hold been due to the fact that in article 1 with a intercession group of 15 topics which is excessively few patients to hold sufficient power and the non-diabetic control which introduces consequence alteration. All three surveies stress the importance of continued surveies in the country of diabetics and periodontic therapy in respects to glycemic control. So it rests upon us as tooth doctors to do a clinical judgement. In all world those patients who have the most to derive and better are those that are least controlled which absolutely describes Patient M. Conclusion A ; Recommendation for Treatment When trying to use the literature reappraisal to Patient M described antecedently there are a few troubles unique to the patient state of affairs. Patient M is presently a hack driver who is really busy and often naturals or disappoints antecedently scheduled assignments. In add-on in talking to the patient on his nutrition and nutrient consumption he states that many times due to his occupation he has to run and catch fast-food which many times he admits is non the healthiest option. Besides in taking his medicines and eating his repasts they are fickle and at different times each twenty-four hours doing glycemic control that much more hard. At last interview he seldom if of all time checks his blood sugar. At his current degree of 10.3 ( HgbA1c ) he has the most to perchance derive in respects to betterment of glycemic control due to periodontic therapy. But, even using the possible betterment from the reviewed articles at best 18 % decrease would go forth him at approximately 9.0 and at a average decrease of 0.5-0.7 % that was found in the two meta-analysis surveies ( one being non-significant ) still besides leaves him extremely uncontrolled at around 9.5. In add-on everything we are presently taught in the course of study is that any HgbA1c over ~8.5 should merely have exigency attention until under control due to possible infections and delayed lesion healing. The trouble in comparing the literature reviewed to the patient is that every bit stated before he may be on the high terminal of uncontrolled and have a more terrible periodontic position. Which harmonizing to Teeuw et Al that intervention of generalized terrible periodontal disease could be more good in footings of glycemic control of diabetic patients.5 At this clip the most of import thing along with expeditious intervention of terrible periodontic status following initial glycemic control, including extractions of dentitions with poor/hopeless forecast and non-surgical therapy to diminish bacterial burden and inflammatory procedure. The tooth doctor should work closely with the primary attention supplier and patient, along with a dietician to assist Patient M. achieve glycemic control through diet and exercising and a healthy life style. Until that clip patient instruction is necessary where he is pre-contemplative phase and non presently desiring to alter. To this point, as stated in the patient ‘s dental history, he merely sees the tooth doctors for what he considers to be exigency visits. Attempts to hold the patient return to clinic for clinical exposures, followup on glycemic control with physician, intervention planning, has been near to impossible. The patient when contacted has stated he is excessively busy to come in and will name when he has a opportunity. So every bit far as long-run forecast for both glycemic and periodontic control it is highly guarded to hapless at this point due to low conformity of patient. How to cite Periodontal Therapy And Glycemic Control Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Health Data Analysis Use of Paracetamol Among the Women †Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Health Data Analysis Use of Paracetamol. Answer: Rationale and background information According to Machado et al., (2015), paracetamol is considered to be one of the effective painkillers. However, with the long-term use of the medicine, it has been seen that it affect the mental health condition of an individual. The study done by Roberts et al., (2016), suggest that most of the people especially women are not aware about the emotional impact of the use of paracetamol, which is believed to cause depression among the 18-35 year women. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs along with paracetamol are used as one of the potential source of anti-depressant. The further investigation had shown that the long-term use of the anti-inflammatory drugs can cause chronic illness among the patients (Oncel et al., 2014). Thus the safety level of the paracetamol drug has been highly compromised as it is recommended to take high level of precautions before its intake. According to Dear et al., (2014), the overuse of the paracetamol drugs among the women of above 60 years is considered to be one of the major causes of depression and other kinds of mental illness. Nevertheless there have been nearly 37,000 patients in all over Australia in the year 2016, who has been the victim of side effects of paracetamol and out of this just 2% of the patients have been the victim of depression. Wili?ski et al., (2015), have added in the context that most of the patients taking paracetamol feel the consequence of depression mostly within the first month of consumption. With time of the consumption of paracetamol, the symptoms related to the depression are neutralized. It has also been seen that it is the women, who feel the effect of depression due to overconsumption of paracetamol. Other drugs like Sertraline, Amlodipine and Zopiclone that are consumed along with the paracetamol can cause or enhance the effects of depression among the aged women. Stress, anxiet y, headache and insomnia are few of the other side effects that are associated with overconsumption of paracetamol. According to the analysis done by Viberg et al., (2014), it has been seen that the paracetamol can be effectively used as an agent to deal with emotional and mental challenges faced by individual. On the other hand Khler et al., (2015), argued that the use of paracetamol for emotional benefit has not yet been proved clinically and thus it is recommended for every patients that they take the medication in proper manner, which will help to deal with the harmful consequence and the side effects of paracetamol. The use of paracetamol has become widely popular among the middle aged women as it is one of the best painkillers that can be used by the people. The emotional effects of the use of paracetamol are the risk that is highly associated with overconsumption. With the use of the paracetamol it is possible to deal with the consequence critical level of pain. Nevertheless the pain is believed to be cured at the cost of poor level of mental health. The paracetamol is one of the widely used drugs that are used to provide relief to to the patients. However, there has been several reported case of drug addiction that is associated with regular and high rate of consumption of paracetamol. Paracetamol is one of the steroid that can be used in the as the anti-inflammatory agents for the Human body. However paracetamol is one of the drugs that are considered to be one to bear the less addictive and low level of tolerance as it is a weak opioids. It is also one of the drugs that can be used for minor headaches. This research work will use the extensive data from the people, who consume regular paracetamol that will help to evaluate the negative effects of paracetamol and also how it is related to cause depression among the middle aged women. Aim and Objective of the study The aim of this study is to investigate the negative effects of long-term use of paracetamol and its effect on the mental health of women in the age category of 18-35 years. It will also help to raise the awareness of the people about raising the level of awareness among the people. With the help of the result of this study, it is possible to investigate the negative effects of long-term use of paracetamol. Reference Dear, J. W., Antoine, D. J., Starkey?Lewis, P., Goldring, C. E., Park, B. K. (2014). Early detection of paracetamol toxicity using circulating liver microRNA and markers of cell necrosis. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 77(5), 904-905. Khler, O., Petersen, L., Mors, O., Gasse, C. (2015). Inflammation and depression: combined use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and NSAIDs or paracetamol and psychiatric outcomes. Brain and behavior, 5(8). Machado, G. C., Maher, C. G., Ferreira, P. H., Pinheiro, M. B., Lin, C. W. C., Day, R. O., ... Ferreira, M. L. (2015). Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials. bmj, 350, h1225. Oncel, M. Y., Yurttutan, S., Erdeve, O., Uras, N., Altug, N., Oguz, S. S., ... Dilmen, U. (2014). Oral paracetamol versus oral ibuprofen in the management of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. The Journal of pediatrics, 164(3), 510-514. Roberts, E., Nunes, V. D., Buckner, S., Latchem, S., Constanti, M., Miller, P., ... Dziedzic, K. (2016). Paracetamol: not as safe as we thought? A systematic literature review of observational studies. Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 75(3), 552-559. Viberg, H., Eriksson, P., Gordh, T., Fredriksson, A. (2014). Paracetamol (acetaminophen) administration during neonatal brain development affects cognitive function and alters its analgesic and anxiolytic response in adult male mice. toxicological sciences, 138(1), 139-147. Wili?ski, J., Lechowicz, M., Kameczura, T., G?owacki, M., Kameczura, A., Chrapusta, A., Wili?ski, B. (2015). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol in self-therapy of various disorders in students of different fields of study. Folia Med Cracov, 55(2), 49-59.

My Antonia Essays - My Ntonia, Antonii, Willa Cather, My Antonia

My Antonia "My Antonia," by Willa Cather has many symbols through out the novel. Symbolism reflects her own views as a child through her life. Some of these symbols are Jim's grandomother's garden and snake-killing incident. Jim's grandomother's garden made him fell as a part of nature, as human beings originally were in the Garden of Eden. When he came to the garden he would also wonder if people felt like this when they died and became a part of knowledge, goodness, sun and air. His maturity makes him feel how he really feels about Antonia. Jim was always afraid to tell Antonia how he felt about her. Ever since Jim laid eyes on her, he knew that she was the love of his life, but didn't want to tell her because of the big difference of the social classes. Jim often wondered if Antonia could serve as a motherm friend, lover or sweetheart. In the garden Jim and Antonia would play around, work in the garden and picked potatos. The garden symbolizes the freedom that children enjoyed during the youth years. When the sanke-incident happens Antonia brags about how brave Jim was. Antonia exclaimed to Jim's family, "He fight something awful! He is all over Jimmy's boots. I scream for him to run, but he jsut hit an hit that snake like he was crazy. (Page 33). At this point Jim realizes that Antonia was more that a friend but Antonia sees him more like a little brother especially since he is four years younger than him. Work can also be another symbol in the term that Antonia worked hard in the farm. "Her neck came up strongly out of her shoulders, like the hole of a tree out of the turf" Cather emphasizes. Antonia goal was to prove her mother that she can work as well as Ambrosch leads her to compete with the men plowing and to pick up masculine traits that overshadow her feminity. Antonia would always work hard in the fields and people knew she was a hard worker. This symbol of work showes how she does not give up even though she is a girl. Through out the novel symbolism is often used in every chapter. Willa Cather often used symbolism portaining to Jim and Antonia. Willa Cather thought that using symbolism would bring more meaning to the novel.

The Great Gatsby-Tom and Gatsby Comparison Essay Example

The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby-Tom and Gatsby Comparison Paper The Great Gatsby-Tom and Gatsby Comparison Paper Tom and Gatsby are the same in the aspect of their values, but they differ in their life styles. Both Gatsby and Tom was adulteress because Gatsby wanted Daisy who was married and Tom was cheating on Daisy. But in contrast Tom was the big strong guy and Gatsby was smaller and not as well built. Tom and Gatsby were both rich and thought that money could buy anything and everything they wanted, both Gatsby and Tom used their money to impress people. Gatsby uses his for parties to get Daisy to come, and on other people for example when Lucille tore her gown on a chair, Gatsby paid for it to be replaced. Gatsby used his money to get what he wanted and Tom used his money and his strength to get what he wants. Gatsby wanted to be perceived as an intellectual person by telling them all that we went to Oxford when he really went to Oggsford, where as Tom was an athletic person and he was smart and we know this because he went to Yale. Toms athletics can be seen because he is always ridding and the strength he shows when Daisy knuckle was black and blue and then she says, You did it, Tom. I know you didn t mean to but u did do it. That s what I get for marrying a brute of a man, a great big hulking physical specimen of a-. Gatsby tries to be perceived as an intellectual with the huge library of books that he has. Tom and Gatsby have in common that they both want something the other has, Tom wants Gatsbys fancy car and this is seen when Tom ask Gatsby to borrow his car, on the other side Gatsby wants Daisy, who Tom sees as his property, and this is seen throughout the whole book with the parties Gatsby through to impress Daisy, and with all the things he does for her, like buying her things. Both Tom and Gatsby think money can buy everything. Tom unlike Gatsby uses racial slurs and comments to define people. Gatsby respects Daisy and wants her to have everything, but Tom just uses her like when he would go off and cheat, and he also mistreats her, because sometimes he hits her, or hurts her. He thinks of Daisy as property not as a person, and does not think he needs to treat her well since she is his. Tom and Gatsby both share the trait of being dishonest; Tom shows this when he sends Wilson to kill Gatsby instead of telling him that it wasn t Gatsby driving the car that it was Daisy, and Gatsby is dishonest in the way that he made his money and what he did to do what he was. Tom and Gatsby both had things in common and things that were different but I would say that they are more alike.

Complete List Colleges That Require SAT Subject Tests

Complete List Colleges That Require SAT Subject Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Does applying to college make you feel like you're trying to walk through a door but don't yet have the keys? To gain access, first you need to understand exactly what the colleges you're interested in require. This can betricky with the SAT Subject Tests, as different colleges have different policies. We've compiled a comprehensive list of all the colleges that require SAT Subject Tests, along with others that recommend or consider them as part of your application. As policies are continually changing, always double-check with the school about their standardized testing requirements. Let us know in the comments if we need to make any updates! Because our list is comprehensive and definitive, this page is pretty long. Make sure you scroll all the way to the bottom to read our tips on which SAT Subject Tests you should take and otherstrategies. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Raise Your SATScore by 160 Points(Free Download) Colleges That Require SAT Subject Tests This chart shows the standardized testing policies for 2017/2018. We've marked four policies towards the Subject Tests: required, recommended, considered, and alternative. Required means you have to take the SAT Subject Tests. In a few cases, as you'll see, colleges will accept the ACT in lieu of the Subject Tests. Some colleges require one subject test, while other colleges (typically those that are more selective) require two. Recommended is a little vague, as it leaves the decision up to you whether or not to send SAT Subject Test scores. If you can achieve high scores or want to make up for a low SAT score, then it's a good idea to send Subject Test scores to these schools. If your scores are low and will look like an outlier on your application, you might be better served not sending them. In most of these cases, though, colleges will likely appreciate that you took on the extra challenge and can demonstrate subject mastery. Considered means that the colleges do not necessarily expect your SAT Subject Test scores, but they will factor them in if you decide to send them. If you have a real interest in a particular subject or it's connected to your future academic and/or professional goals, then it may enhance your application to send a (strong) Subject Test score. Alternative means that colleges have unique policies that may be test flexible. For more on this, check out the full list of test optional and test flexible schools here. Furthermore, some schools accept the ACT + Writing in lieu of the SAT and Subject Tests. In other words, you can submit the SAT + two Subject Tests or the ACT + Writing. We've indicated that in the 3rd column below. We've sorted the list alphabetically for your convenience. Find all yourschools of interest, and scroll down to the end to read our tips on SAT Subject Tests. College Category ACT in Lieu of SAT and Subject Tests? Policy Amherst College Considered Applicants who wish to submit Subject Test results may do so for consideration as part of the application evaluation process. Barnard College Considered Subject tests are not required, but will be considered if submitted. Boston College Considered SAT II Subject Tests are optional. If you would like to highlight a talent in a specific area, you are welcome to submit SAT Subject Tests for consideration with your application. Subject Tests, particularly in foreign languages and the sciences, may be used for placement during the first year. Boston University Considered [Req for Special Programs] Accelerated medical and dental programs require Subject Tests in Chemistry and Math 2. A Subject Test in a foreign language is also recommended for these programs. Bowdoin College Considered [Req forstudents who were homeschooled or attended high schools with no grades] Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Applicants for whom subject tests are required should take Math Level 1 or 2 and a science. Brown University Recommended (2) Liberal Medical Education Applicants should submit at least one Subject Test in either Biology, Chemistry, or Physics Bucknell University Considered Students may submit their SAT Subject Test scores as supplemental information to their application. Bucknell does recommend the test in foreign language for any student planning to enroll in foreign language coursework. California Institute of Technology Required (2) Requires Specific Tests: SAT Subject Test Math Level 2, and one SAT Subject Test in science. Carleton College Considered Applicants may submit the results of their SAT subject tests."We have found these tests valuable aids in the assessment of the quality of student achievement in a wide variety of secondary school programs. It has been our experience that SATsubject test results usually enhance a candidate's credentials and only rarely constitute a negative factor." Carnegie Mellon University Recommended for most programs Two SAT Subject Tests are recommended, in addition to the SAT/ACT, except for the College of Fine Arts. Claremont McKenna Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Homeschooled students are required to submit two SAT Subject Tests, one of which must be math. Colby College Alternative Two SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. College of the Holy Cross Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Colorado College Alternative Three SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. The tests must include one quantitative, one writing/verbal, and a third of your choice. Columbia University Considered The SAT Subject Test scores are not required, but Columbia will accept scores from theexams if you choose to submit them. You will not be at a disadvantage should you choose not to take the tests or submit the scores to Columbia. Connecticut College Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Cooper Union Required [Engineering Only] (2) All Engineering applicants must submit two SAT II subject test scores. One must be in Math (Level 1 or 2) and the other must be in either Physics or Chemistry. Architecture and Art applicants are not required to submit SAT II scores. Cornell University Required [Arts and Sciences and Engineering only] Subjects of your choice for Arts and Sciences; math and a science of your choice for Engineering. Dartmouth College Recommended "We recommend that you submit two SAT Subject Test scores to help us better understand your academic strengths. We encourage you to take tests in the two subjects you like the most. If you submit more than two subject test scores, we will look at your two best scores. Alternately, if you do not submit subject test scores, it will not prevent your candidacy from receiving a full review by the Admissions Committee." Davidson College Considered If applicants have taken SAT Subject Tests, Davidson welcomes but does not require those scores. Duke University Recommended Yes For those students who submit the SAT, two subject tests strongly recommended. Emory University Recommended [Req for homeschooled applicants] "SAT II subject exams are encouraged, but not required. Students are encouraged to submit SAT subject exam scores for academics areas of strength and/or interest. Since these exams are not required, students have the choice of which subject exams they want to report. Do note that we request home-schooled applicants submit scores from three SAT II subject exams." Franklin Olin College of Engineering Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. George Washington University Considered[Req Special Programs] (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are required in science and mathematics for the Seven Year BA/MD program. Georgetown University Recommended [Strongly] (3) Strongly Recommended: Three SAT Subject Tests. Hamilton College Alternative Three SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT.One must be a verbal or writing/essay test, one must be a quantitative test, and the third is your choice. Harvard College Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are Required, in addition to the SAT/ACT, except in special circumstances: "While we normally require two SAT Subject Tests, you may apply without them if the cost of taking the tests represents a financial hardship or if you prefer to have your application considered without them...If your first language is not English, a Subject Test in your first language may be less helpful." Harvey Mudd College Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are required. One must be in Math Level 2; the other can be in any subject the student chooses. Ithaca College Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. SAT Subject Tests are still considered optional supplements for homeschooled applicants. Johns Hopkins University Considered "Applicants may also choose to submit SAT Subject Tests in one or more areas of interest as a way to demonstrate an academic strength. We will consider the two highest Subject Test scores when reviewing applications, but your application will not be negatively affected if you choose not to submit Subject Test scores." Lafayette College Recommended Subject Tests are recommended to strengthen your application. Lehigh University Recommended SAT Subject Tests are not required for admissions but are recommended as college credit may be awarded for scores of 700 or higher. Macalester College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are Required, in addition to the SAT/ACT. Specific tests required: Math (Level 1 or Level 2) and either Biology, Chemistry, or Physics McGill University Required (2) Yes SAT + two SAT Subject Tests Required , OR ACT with Writing Middlebury College Alternative Three SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. Mills College Considered [Required for homeschooled applicants] In addition to first-year student requirements, homeschool students will need to submit official results of the GED or the California High School Proficiency Examination and two SAT subject tests New York University Alternative Test requirements satisfied by fulfilling one of the following: SAT (essay not required) ACT (writing not required) Three Subject Tests Three AP exams The International Baccalaureate Diploma Three IB higher-level exams (if a student is not an IB Diploma candidate) Students who choose to submit three SAT Subject Tests, AP or IB scores must submit one in literature or the humanities, one in math or science, and one of the student's choice. Northwestern University Considered "SAT subject tests are optional. Subject exams...allow students to demonstrate their skill level(s) in a particular area. However, subject tests may be from topics outside of your potential major. Prospective students who do not submit SAT subject test results will not be penalized; we recognize that many applicants may not have the opportunity to sign up for the exams." Oberlin College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Occidental College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Pomona College Considered [Recommended for homeschooled applicants] SAT Subject Test scores are optional. In addition to the SAT or ACT test results, home-schooled students are encouraged, although not required, to submit results of at least two SAT Subject or Advanced Placement exams Pratt Institute Considered[Req Architecture] Bachelor of Architecture applicants are recommended to take the Math Level 1 or Level 2 Subject Test. Princeton University Recommended(2) "We recommend, but do not require, the submission of two SAT Subject tests. If you intend to pursue a B.S.E. degree, we recommend you take one SAT Subject Test in either physics or chemistry and one SAT Subject Test in mathematics (Level I or II)." Reed College Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Considered [Req for Special Programs] Yes Applicants to the accelerated programs in law or medicine must submit two SAT Subject Tests (one math and one science). Rice University Required (2) Yes Two SAT Subject Tests in fields related to proposed area of study are required. Smith College Considered SAT II subject tests are optional for all applicants. Stanford University Considered "Stanford requires just one exam- either the SAT with Essay or the ACT with Writing. All other exams are optional. Because additional scores can assist us in our evaluation process, we welcome the self-reporting of these results in your application." Stevens Institute of Technology Considered [Req for Special Programs] Subject Tests in Math (Level 1 or 2) and either Chemistry or Biology are required for the Accelerated Medical Program. Swarthmore College Considered Subject Tests are not required for admission, but will be considered if submitted. Prospective engineers are encouraged to submit the Math 2 Subject Test. Tufts University Required (2) Yes Tufts requires either the SAT (without the optional essay) plus two SAT Subject Tests, or the ACT (the writing section will no longer be required.) Engineering applicants submitting Subject Tests are advised to take math and either physics or chemistry. Students considering a major in mathematics or the sciences are advised to take math and a science test. Union College Considered [Req for Special Programs] Yes Test Optional. Students applying to the Leadership in Medicine programare required to submit one math and one science Subject Test along with the SAT. Alternatively, applicants can submit the ACT in lieu of both SAT and Subject Tests. University of California, Berkeley Recommended Scores from SAT Subject Tests can be used to showcase academic mastery. University of California, Davis Considered SAT Subject Tests are not required and UC Davis will consider submitted SAT Subject Test scores only if they benefit the applicant. University of California, Irvine Recommended Submission of SAT Subject Test scores is not required but may add positively to the review of your application. University of California, Los Angeles Recommended for Some Programs School of Engineering and Applied Sciences recommends Math Level 2 and a science test related to the applicant's intended major. University of California, Merced Considered The SAT Subject Tests are not required. However, you are welcome to submit scores if you would like to: Use Subject Tests to satisfy â€Å"a-g† subject requirements. Show your mastery of a particular subject or set of subjects. University of California, Riverside Recommended for Some Programs UC Riverside does not require SAT Subject Tests, but some academic departments and highly competitive majors recommend them. Applicants should take the Math 2 Subject Test and either Chemistry or Physics if they are interested in Bourns College of Engineering (BCOE) or the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences (CNAS). University of California, San Diego Recommended for Some Programs Biological or physical science applicants and applicants to the School of Engineering should take Math Level 2 and a science Subject Test related to the applicant's intended major. University of California, Santa Barbara Recommended for Some Programs Two SAT Subject Tests closely related to your major are recommended for engineering, biological or physical sciences majors. If taking a math subject test, Math Level 2 is required. University of California, Santa Cruz Considered UCSC does not use the SAT Subject Tests for selection purposes, but you can use SAT Subject Tests to satisfy the "a-g" UC requirements. University of Chicago Considered If you have done exceptionally well on a particular subject test and would like to show us, feel free to send us that score. University of Georgia Recommended Subject Tests are recommended to strengthen your application. University of Miami Considered [Req for Special Programs] Honors Program in Medicine and Honors Program in Biochemistry Molecular Biology require minimum scores of 600 on a math Subject Test and on a science Subject Test. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Considered You may submit supplemental scores from AP, IB or SAT Subject tests if you think they are a good reflection of your mastery of the material. University of Notre Dame Considered SAT Subject Tests, AP, and IB tests are only used in the application process if scores enhance an application. University of Pennsylvania Considered SAT Subject Tests are recommended but not required. Applicants who do not take SAT Subject Tests will not be at a disadvantage in the admissions process. Penn recommends any two subject tests to Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciencesapplicants; Science (preferably Chemistry) for Nursing applicants; Math Level 2 and a science test (preferably physics for Engineering students) to STEM applicants; and Math Level 2 to Business applicants. University of Rochester Alternative Two SAT Subject Tests can be substituted in place of either the SAT or ACT. University of Southern California Optional [Req for homeschooled students] "We require SAT Subject tests only from first-year applicants who do not attend a regionally accredited high school (such as home school, some non-accredited parochial or community based programs, even some newer schools). These students must submit three SAT Subject exams, including one in mathematics, in addition to the SAT or ACT. For all other applicants, these exams are optional." University of Virginia Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Vanderbilt University Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Vassar College Considered SAT Subject Tests are not required, and students opting not to send Subject Tests will not be penalized. However, SAT Subject Tests will be considered if submitted as part of a testing profile. Subject Tests may enhance an applicant’s credentials, particularly for applicants from non-traditional school backgrounds (homeschooled, non-graded schools, etc.). Note that a strong score on an SAT Subject Test is also one way to fulfill Vassar’s Foreign Language Proficiency requirement. Wake Forest University Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Subject Test Scores may be self-reported. Washington and Lee University Considered Subject Tests are considered if submitted. Washington University in St. Louis Considered "We will only consider them if they strengthen your application." Webb Institute Required (2) Two SAT Subject Tests are Required, in addition to the SAT/ACT. Specific tests required: Math Level 1 or 2 and Chemistry or Physics. Wellesley College Considered Some candidates may wish to provide additional testing to demonstrate particular academic strengths. Wesleyan University Considered [Req for some students] Test Optional for US and Canadian students. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Candidates applying from secondary schools that provide written evaluations in place of traditional grades or students who have been homeschooled, attend online high schools, or who are enrolled in other non-traditional secondary school programs are required to submit ACT results or the SAT and two or more SAT Subject Tests. Worcester Polytechnic Institute Considered Test Optional. SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests are all optional, but will be considered if submitted. Yale University Recommended "SAT Subject Tests are recommended but not required. Applicants who do not take SAT Subject Tests will not be disadvantaged in the application process. We will consider your application on the basis of the other testing, and all the other information, that we receive with your application. You may wish to consider whether there are particular areas of academic strength you would like to demonstrate to the Admissions Committee. Subject Tests can be one way to convey that strength. " Other Schools that Require or Recommend SAT Subject Tests College Board also suggests that the following additional schools use SAT Subject Tests when they determine admission. If you're interested in any of these schools, look up their website or give them a call to find out if they're schools that require SAT Subject Tests or simply consider them for admission. Agnes Scott College Cleary University Kennesaw State University Queens College (City University of New York) Thomas University University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez Albertus Magnus College Drew University Kutztown University of Pennsylvania Randolph-Macon College Trinity Christian College University of Puerto Rico at Ponce Alderson-Broaddus College Eastern Nazarene College Lamar University Savannah State University Trinity College University of Puerto Rico at Utuado American Baptist College Eckerd College Marietta College Seattle Pacific University Union University University of the Pacific American University of Puerto Rico Eugene Lang College The New School for Liberal Arts Massachusetts Maritime Academy Shimer College University of Central Oklahoma University of Waterloo Arizona State University Felician College Medgar Evers College (City University of New York) Simpson University University of Delaware University of West Florida Armstrong Atlantic State University Fordham University Mercyhurst University Skidmore College University of Great Falls Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology Baptist University of the Americas Friends University Meredith College Soka University of America University of Maine at Fort Kent Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Bryn Mawr College George Mason University Missouri Southern State University South Carolina State University University of Mary Washington Wagner College Buffalo State College Georgia College and State University Moody Bible Institute Southern Methodist University University of Massachusetts Boston Warner Pacific College California Baptist University Gettysburg College Morgan State University Southern Oregon University University of Michigan Washington Jefferson College Carroll College Grace Bible College Mount Holyoke College St. Bonaventure University University of Nebraska - Kearney Webb Institute Catholic University of America Haverford College North Carolina State University St. Joseph's College - Long Island Campus University of North Dakota West Virginia Wesleyan College Champlain College Hellenic College Northern Arizona University St. Lawrence University University of North Georgia Whittier College Chapman University Hillsdale College Northwood University State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry University of Oregon Whitworth University Cheyney University of Pennsylvania Hofstra University Ohio Valley University State University of New York Institute of Technology University of Puerto Rico at Aguadilla Williams College Clarkson University Huston-Tillotson University Oregon State University Stillman College University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo Clayton State University Indiana University Bloomington Principia College Texas AM University - Galveston University of Puerto Rico at Humacao You'll have to check with the individual schools to see if they have a preference for exactly which subject tests you take. Some engineering and technical schools, for example, prefer that you take math and science Subject Tests. MIT and Caltech both require one math and one science, with CalTech only accepting the Math Level 2 Subject Test. Selective liberals arts schools tend to prefer a wide range of academic strengths and interests, so your best bet might be pairing a Subject Test in the humanities, like Literature or History, with one in math or science. Scoring high on a language test is also a valuable asset to add to your application, as colleges appreciate students with language skills and global competencies as they build their multicultural student body. Now that you have a sense of the SAT Subject Test requirements, what are your next steps? SAT Subject Tests: Final Thoughts As with all parts of your application, make sure you're aware of all the requirements, recommendations, and best approaches. Especially since policies are becoming more and more flexible, always double check with your school of interest to make sure you understand what they want. If you are applying to a test flexible school, you may be able to present your highest score through AP tests or the SAT Subject Tests. Reflect on your strengths and weaknesses, take some practice tests, and get a sense of where you will perform best. SAT Subject Tests may seem daunting, but they're actually closely aligned with the exams you take in class. If you're particularly interested in studying the natural world, reading and analyzing literature, solving geometry, or communicating in another language, then they might present a great opportunity for you to highlight your strengths and your own unique passions and interests. What's Next? Click here to see the full list of SAT Subject Tests and learn how to choose which tests are best for you. Another important consideration is when to take the Subject Tests, especially since you might also be taking the SAT, ACT, AP exams, and finals. This article tells you all the dates on which the various Subject Tests are offered and offers some advice on your most effective schedule. Are you also taking the SAT? The SAT requires a lot of prep to score well, and first you have to figure out when to make time to prep in your busy schedule. Read all about when you should begin to study so you can maximize your scores. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Case Study Example It is mainly written from the perspective of the business and the compulsions and challenges that they have to meet in order to survive and compete within the highly volatile market. Looking from the health care perspective, the articles become highly relevant as they tend to focus on influencing the decision making process of the end users. Healthcare imperatives have increasing become hugely important for the customers. In the age of advancing technology, the customer has become more empowered with informed choices on the subject. The internet facilitates not only research but also the medication. Berndt says that anticipating needs of the customers and help developing customized report that meet the specific healthcare needs of the customer can give distinct boost to influence customer’s decision making processes. While the availability of treatment is available on the net, the Online Analytical Processing or OLAP offers customized reports on specific topic based on his unique needs rather than trend. Thus, customers are better equipped with information that suits his healthcare needs vis-Ã  -vis detail information about illness, medication, specialists based on geographical location etc. Veccia’s article is a wake-up call for businesses to evolve new ways of identifying customers’ changing preferences and helping them meet. In the current times, speed, differentiation and scalability have become extremely critical inputs which the traditional marketing research cannot meet. Hence, competitors’ offering, attributes associated with product and research that correlates these attributes to the requirements of customers become important factors. She suggests that forced choice technique greatly helps to identify the characteristics that are preferred and speeds up the process of new product development or value addition to the product. This applies to the healthcare products also. Indeed, Berndt’s proposal for preparing customized

Business Proposal for Als Milk Bar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Proposal for Als Milk Bar - Essay Example The objective of the business is to provide a unique "milk bar" experience to its customers with high quality food, customer-oriented service in a warm and friendly atmosphere. The target market range covers ages 5 to 75, among the local residents, office workers, students, shoppers and pedestrians in the area of Victoria Street. Projected investment costs of less than $18,000 are deemed recoverable in less than two years with profitability from operations set at 18%. Traditionally, milk bars were local shops where people pick up milk and newspapers. Eventually, they became general stores or delicatessens, offering a wide variety of products, much like convenience stores. They also began serving milk drinks and other non-alcoholic beverages, such as milkshakes and sodas, as well as snack foods like sandwiches, cookies and pastries (Wikipedia 2008). Milk bars became popular starting in the 1930's when they became hubs providing wholesome corner shop goodies and a communal space for local interaction. Customers personally knew the people behind the counter, kids were allowed by their moms to drop by to get candy or have a milkshake, and communal tables allowed neighbors to bump into each other. The milk bars of the period had brightly lettered conspicuous signs advertising hand-made foods such as meat and vegetable rolls, hot pies and pasties, freshly made scones, double cream milk shakes, malt chocolate drink and fruity syrup slush. Dcor in the ea ting areas were a combination of colorful posters and cartoony images of the era (Neville 2008, Bells 2008). The "restaurant" portion of the 1930s milk bar is the inspiration for the new business being proposed. The business concept revolves around the idea of a bar and snack establishment serving non-alcoholic beverages and hot food, where customers can either have a quick drink or snack, as well as linger with friends. Business Description "Al's" Milk Bar is to be located at 314-316 Victoria Street. It is a bar and snack restaurant providing hot and cold food and non-alcoholic drinks reminiscent of the 1930s milk bar experience. Its menu will include all the traditional offerings of milk bars such as milkshakes, spiders, sodas, ice cream, cakes, pastries, sandwiches, hot rolls, as well as mocktails. "Al's" dcor and color schemes will mimic those of the 1930s and 40s milk bars, complete with a bar counter with seating and indoor and outdoor tables and chairs. "Al's" will be a small business established as a sole trader and will operate from seven in the morning to nine in the evening every day of the week. It will serve a high number of residents in the surrounding local residential areas as well as office workers in surrounding office buildings and shoppers at nearby retail venues. It will have product offerings to serve quick breakfast, especially to office workers, light mid-day lunches, and afternoon-evening non-alcoholic dri

Little Assignment Essay Example for Free

Little Assignment Essay Fish oil is beneficial to health because it contains omega-3 fatty acids which decrease the risk of heart and blood vessel disease by lowering levels of triglyceride in the blood and slowing up liver triglyceride synthesis. However, human metabolism cannot generate them from other fatty acids in the body making it very essential to be included in the diet. 900 mg of omega-3 fatty acids from fish or fish supplements is the ideal requirement for adults. On the other hand, there is the downside of fish oil supplement intake. There is a discrepancy in the levels of omega-3 fatty acids in various fish. Those that are not artificially raised would normally have lesser amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. Aside from that, fish and their products are highly at risk with the contamination of the ocean. In this regard, many studies show fish and fish oil supplements have alarming levels of mercury. Part 2 (Paragraph 2): The cross-linkage theory provides a good explanation behind the process of aging. This states that there are additional cross-linkages formed between collagen fibrils as humans age. This contributes to the brittleness of bones, ligaments and tendons which is characteristic of weakened physical activity and change in height and posture as a person grows old. More over, this perfectly describes how cross-linkages formed in skin fibrils results in the decrease in skin elasticity and eventually results to wrinkles. People age because of the different physical and chemical changes occurring in the body. This can be brought about by the alteration in the levels of certain substances in the body and the formation of reactions between different chemicals. According to the Wear and Tear theory, aging can be delayed by genetically manipulating the protein repair mechanism of our body and the genes that cause aging. Reference: Materials provided.

Summer Reading :: essays research papers

Over the course of this summer I read four books. The books I read were Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix by J K Rowling, The Giver by Lois Lowry, Among the Hidden by Margaret Peterson Haddix, and Number the Stars by Lois Lowry again.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix by J K Rowling was the first book I read this summer and I really liked it. I decided to read the 5th Harry Potter book because I had it and I never really got a chance to read it. The book begins were it had left you of in the 4th book when Harry is just about to enter his 5th year at Hogwarts. He still lives with his aunt and uncle whom he hates because they are mean and evil to him. The letters from his friends are very dull and they have nothing to say, which confuses him and makes him furious. He is also mad because he’s still stuck with the Dursleys all summer long. The story goes with his adventures and challenges throughout his 5th year. The genre is fantasy complete wi th magic. I would recommend this book to anybody who likes the Harry Potter books. I would also recommend that if you have never read any of the previous books you start from the beginning. I can’t wait ‘till the next book comes out!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next book I read was The Giver by Lois Lowry which I actually bought a couple years ago at a book fair. It sat on my shelf for two years then it was recommended to me again, so this time I read it. I ended up liking it so much I contacted the author via email and asked if she would ever consider selling the movie rights. She replied and said that the movie rights have been sold and there’s a movie in the making. The story is about a boy named Jonas living in the perfect utopia where there is no war, no crime, and no hate. The ceremony of twelve’s is very soon and that is the most important ceremony of all; it is when your assignment or job for life is decided. Little does Jonas know that he is about to receive the most important assignment of all. Shortly after the assignment is given he meets The Giver. This sci-fi book is one of the best books I’ve read and is also a Newberry Award winning book.

Catering operations

Patrons will be able to book on the internet the time they would prefer their food to be served. Well trained front of the house staff should take reservations, after reservations are done patrons should e welcomed to the restaurant and escorted to their tables and staff should hold chairs for women. I will make sure that all front of the house staff that is going to serve the food should know all the dishes and the ingredients in them. Waiters and waitress should be able to dish food on the tables and defining the fish when It Is served.Linen should always be clean and must be changed If a patron leaves the table. Bar will make sure that my bar Is always stocked with the best wines, that can be paired with the dishes on menu for example champagnes, brandy, liquors, splats, ciders, lagers and the best coffee. I will employee an experienced manager who is experienced to run both the bar and the kitchen. Atmosphere: I will use the best available fine china, glassware and flat ware. Cla ssic music should be played not too loud to overpower the patron's conversation and the lights should be dimmed (romantic).I am going to produce Italian food, because it is health. The food is not too refined and it contains nutrients that help to reduce some chronic diseases. Fresh fruits and vegetables are important in traditional Italian cuisine. Many vegetables, fruits and herbs that are used in Italian dishes, such as tomatoes, spinach, leafy Renee, citrus fruit, onions and garlic contain low calories and fat. The food Is high In nutrient value, Like vitamin A which is good for healthy balloons and iron which transport oxygen throughout the body and Is essential for chemical reactions In the body.Dietary fiber Is always available In traditional Italian cuisine and It Is health and good for the digestive system. Fiber also reduces blood cholesterol levels, maintains sources of healthy fats. Olive oil and seafood contains omega-3 fatty acids that helps to prevent heart diseases a nd reduces blood pressure. Eating fresh tomatoes educes the risk for prostate cancer. I have chosen Italian food because I have experience in cooking the dishes and making pizzas . 1 have been working in Italian restaurant for long and I feel I will have enough knowledge about the dishes.Italian food is one of the best cuisines in the world and it also cheap and easy to cook. I am going to use ala carte menu because patrons have: Choice of food – Ala carte have an advantage of having a wide range of dishes with a flexible menu. I make my restaurant have ala carte menu with at least three dishes to choose from per course. This will be an advantage because a variety will tend to please all customers. Price – Ala carte menus are clearly priced from starters to deserts. These will an advantage as the customers will know exactly the cost of their dishes.Meals are priced according to the ingredients used for example vegetarian dishes will be cheaper than the meat dishes. Cus tomers will know the cost before ordering the food, which prevent customers from being presented with unexpected bill at the end of dining Flexibility -A la carte menus have the advantage of being flexible. Ala carte meals also cater for a wide range of customers with efferent needs. Starters and side orders are sold at low prices than the mains which can substitute for a meal for other customers.For so customers who require more food, they can order as much as they want for example they can order two deserts instead of one. Customers are free to order exactly the food they want. A la carte menus are at an advantage to the fixed price because customers can order what they want at the quantity they want and won't feel like they are they have been over charged. I will employee two chef De Patti, an apprentice commits chef and two kitchen porters. I will be the head chef of the restaurant.Since the restaurant will be opening 6 days a week and closed on Mondays, one chef De Patti will b e working three days a week(to cover me when I am off, to cover another chef De Patti and to cover the commits chef when he is of unless when it is busy that's when he/she can work. On the kitchen porters, one will be part time to cover if the other one is off, he/ she can work if the restaurant is busy. Hiring apprentice, the company will benefit from wage subsidies from the government. The company will also benefit in training the chef on how to cook the dishes.Kitchen staff hierarchy will be as follows; will train my staff on how to cook the dishes and ways to avoid wastage of food. I will be responsible for ordering stock and monitoring the stock level dairy. In the kitchen during services I will be cooking main courses, plating and sending the food. On busy days when they is another chef De Patti, my duties will be calling out orders, plating the food and garnishing the food. Chef De partier will be responsible for preparing main course dishes, cooking starters and he/she can h elp anyone in the kitchen if he/ she does not have work to do.He/she can also make desserts if the commits chef is busy doing other Jobs. The commits chef will do cold starters, pizzas and he can also do desserts. Kitchen porter will be responsible for washing the plates, cutlery, cleaning of the kitchen, helping the commits chef with Jobs like washing and peeling of vegetables. They are so many factors that I looked at when I made my menu. One of the factors is Availability of foods; I looked at the ingredients that I can get in the local market . 1 have also consider ingredients in the season. Food habits; I have also done a survey to see the kind of food people prefer to eat.I also considered the culture, traditions and beliefs. Patrons prefer to dine where their beliefs and practices are not violated. Budget; I also took into consideration when I was doing the menu. I avoided food that does not last for long. I looked at dishes that I will spend less money to buy them but brings more money. Time available; food preparation must meet deadlines. Quick service is one good asset in the catering industry. Customers must be served with their order in a short period of time. Type of customers; when I came up with the menu I considered the type of customers I will e serving.I will be mainly serving a wide range of people so the menu will cater for different people Dietary requirements; I have also considered people with special dietary needs like vegans, vegetarian, vivo-lacertian, lacertian, nut allergic, diabetic and celiac. Weather; during summer months the restaurants will provide outdoor table and the menu will change to differentiate from summer and winter. Occasions; the menu will cater for different occasions for example during Christmas, Christmas dinners will be served. Staff and facilities; to make the menu I have considered the Taft I will have to employ in order to cook the food.There must be appropriate facilities for staff to work on. The layout in the kitchen makes it easy for staff to work on efficiently. Marketing of the menu; I will be changing the menu every two weeks, so the new menu needs to be marketed. I will market my menu using marketing strategy like inviting well known customers for tasting, hiring someone to distribute leaflets to businesses and community, Joining companies like group to do the marketing for you, using local newspaper to market the menu and using billboard and put it outside the restaurant.

Adulthood Paper: American Beauty Essay

According to Berk, 2012, â€Å"Middle adulthood, which begins around the age 40 and ends at about 65, is marked by narrowing life options and a shrinking future as children leave home and career paths become more determined. In other ways, middle age is hard to define because wide variations in attitudes and behaviors exist.† American Beauty is a movie created by director Sam Mendes in the late 1990s. The movie focuses on the character Lester Burnham, a man in his mid-40’s going through an intense midlife crisis; he’s grown cynical and is convinced that he has no reason to go on. Lester’s relationship with his wife Carolyn is quite dysfunctional, while Carolyn works hard to make it seem as if she has full control of her life, she is going through her own crisis as well; feeling empty and desperate (MSN Entertainment, 2013). Although American Beauty focuses on other characters as well, including Lester and Carolyn’s teenage daughter Jane, Jane’s shallow friend Angela, the next door neighbor Colonel Fitts, and his son Ricky; this paper is mainly going to focus on Lester Burnham, his adulthood, and life transition. The purpose is to discuss how the main character can be viewed from a biological, cognitive, and psychosocial perspective. The paper will also discuss how the main character copes with biological changes as a result of aging, what changes occur in the family composition and lifestyle of the character, how the character copes with the idea of death, dying, and any theories on â€Å"the afterlife†. Each character within the movie has their own idea of what path they need to take to achieve happiness and what choices will lead them there. Lester is quite impulsive and makes many choices that lead him down the path of destruction. The first event that leads Lester into a midst of horrible decisions is discovering that Angela (Jane’s friend) has been lusting over him. They begin an odd and secretive relationship revolved around sexual desires. In the midst of this Lester quits his job that he had been working at for nearly 14 years and finds a new career within a fast food restaurant. He begins smoking marijuana, working out, and buys a red Pontiac Firebird; showing desire to turn back the biological process to obtain his youth again. These actions and choices Lester has been making would lead anyone to suggest that he is going through a midlife crisis. According to Bestic, 2012, â€Å"A midlife crisis represents that state when the human mind gets in conflict with the inner self. It is a natural process that results from one or more transitions in life.† From the biological perspective Lester is going through this crisis because he is in conflict with himself. His marriage is not healthy, he does not like the physical changes brought on by adulthood, has an unsatisfactory job, and finds boredom in his lifestyle routine. From a cognitive perspective Lester shows that he is well aware of what is going on around him at all times. Because he is the one who is narrating the story he tells the audience what all the other characters are up to, mainly in concern to his daughter Jane and wife Carolyn. However, he is for some reason well aware and can process situations going on with the neighbors while the neighbors cannot even comprehend what is going on in their own lives. He is quick to figure things out, and has great concepts behind some of his erratic solutions to his life’s problems. While he may not necessarily understand why his and his family’s life is on the road to destruction, he knew that things were definitely changing. Because of Lester’s midlife crisis it could be assumed he was also going through depression and feelings of carelessness. His relationship with his daughter Jane is not very great; in fact Jane claims to hate Lester. It is also quite obvious that Lester and Carolyn’s marriage was deteriorating, and Lester seems to not care much about any of the relationships in his life. According to Cherry, 2013, â€Å"Erikson believed that a strong sense of personal identity was important for developing strong relationships. Those with a poor sense of self tend to have less committed relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression.† This clearly describes why Lester has faced the problems he has in his adulthood because of his lack of personal identity. Cherry, 2012 goes on to say, â€Å"During the generativity versus stagnation stage we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career and family. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.† Mostly, Lester acts as a child stuck in an adult life, getting more depressed as the show goes on that adult life is just not turning out to be fun. He loses his job, he has not had sexual relations with his wife in a very long time, his marriage was falling apart, and he just was not finding his life very fulfilling any longer. Because of Angela, who acts as a type of stimuli for Lester, makes him realize that aging should not be the end of his life. This is when he begins to show his wife who is boss, and that he is not going to let her nag at him any longer, begins working out, smoking marijuana, leaves his job for one that will provide less responsibility, and behaving in other matters such as an adolescent or young adult would. Before Lester’s midlife crisis one would think that the Burnham family was the typical happy suburbia family. The family composition drastically begins to change once Lester begins his midlife crisis journey in search of himself and happiness. Instead of taking the orders around the house, he begins giving them. Lester and Carolyn begin to go their opposite ways although still living together, and Jane continues to be a normal teenager (angry, insecure, and confused). It seems as though the family becomes more individualistic, everyone doing their own thing, rather than as a unit. Jane does not like her father, and Carolyn’s hate toward Lester continues to grow until the end of the movie. Lester makes a statement in the movie saying, â€Å"I could die in my sleep and I would not be the only one happy.† One could assume that Lester is welcoming of death because either he has just accepted that eventually he will die, or he just dislikes his life so much that death would be a better alternative. In conclusion, middle adulthood comes with its’ own trials and tribulations. Depending on how an individual has developed in previous stages of their life can determine how they will respond to the transition of adulthood. There are many perspectives including biological, cognitive, and psychosocial theories that conclude how individuals develop and adapt during these transitions. There are many changes that occur during adulthood that can affect the family composition, how the individual copes with biological changes as a result of aging, and how they perceive the idea of death and dying. Lester Burnham is simply a prime example of what it is like for a man in his mid 40’s to go through a midlife crisis during his middle adulthood transitions. References Bestic, V. (2012). What is a midlife crisis: Understand the urge to start again. Retrieved from http://psychologicaldisorderscenter.com/what-is-a-midlife-crisis/ Cherry, K. (2013). Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development. Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/od/psychosocialtheories MSN Entertainment. (2013). American beauty: Synopsis. Retrieved from http://movies.msn.com/movies/movie-synopsis/american-beauty.3/

Discuss the ways in which Shakespeare reveals Juliets feelings in her soliloquy in Act 4, Scene 3 Essay Example

Discuss the ways in which Shakespeare reveals Juliets feelings in her soliloquy in Act 4, Scene 3 Essay Example Discuss the ways in which Shakespeare reveals Juliets feelings in her soliloquy in Act 4, Scene 3 Paper Discuss the ways in which Shakespeare reveals Juliets feelings in her soliloquy in Act 4, Scene 3 Paper In Act 4, Scene 3, Juliet prepares to drink the potion given to her by friar Laurence. Before drinking, she says a soliloquy in which shows us her fear, loneliness and worries. Her feelings are shown to us effectively due to Shakespeares use of language and imagery.The isolation of Juliet is clearly emphasized at the beginning of her soliloquy. This is done by the way she wants to call her Nurse back. Ill call them back again to comfort me: We understand the loneliness and fear she experiences. Theres no one she can trust, not even her Nurse.We can also feel Juliets doubts creeping out. What if it be a poison? What if this mixture do not work at all? She is afraid that the friar may have given her poison so as to conceal his own dishonor in having married her and Romeo. Shakespeare successfully plants the doubts here by making use of words to make Juliet seem scared and confused. Juliets doubts in drinking the potion mirror that of Romeos in the coming scene, when he buys the poison from the apothecary.Juliet is also afraid with what could go wrong with the plan. Her terror is expressed by the frequent use of violent and gruesome language like bloody Tybalt and play with my forefathers joints. These are also imagery, which shows the horror of what could happen. The mouth imagery is also used her as she describes the vault as having a foul mouth where no healthsome breath breathes in. The imagery amplifies the terror and fear she has. Also, ironically, she worries about what would happen if she awakens too early but not what would happen if she awakens too late, which is exactly what happens.Juliets courage is expressed by her willingness to take the potion despite her fears and worries. This is due to the love she has for Romeo. She has taken the precaution of bring her knife with her in case the potion does not work. She clearly intends to carry out her threatened suicide if necessary and sadly, this is exactly what she does in the tomb.Shakespeare successfull y conveys the emotions that Juliet experiences, through her soliloquy. Her fear, loneliness, worries and courage is clearly expressed to the audience by the use of imagery and the clever use of words. A great deal of irony is also used in this soliloquy and the image of Juliet drinking the potion as a toast to Romeo is full or irony and is also echoed later at the end of the play.

Top 10 Confused Words in English [E-F]

Top 10 Confused Words in English [E-F] Top 10 Confused Words in English [E-F] Top 10 Confused Words in English [E-F] By Maeve Maddox The words in the following list represent misunderstanding of the words’ meanings and not simply an inability to spell them correctly. This post covers words starting with the letters e and f (the a-b list is here, and the c-d one here). 1. economic / economical Both adjectives are related, but have distinct meanings. Economic refers to economics or the economy: â€Å"Reagans  economic policies  came to be known as ‘Reaganomics.’ † Economical means, â€Å"giving good value in relation to the resources used†: â€Å"Buying in bulk is an economical way to shop.† 2. ensure / insure To ensure is to guarantee: â€Å"The librarian held his passport to ensure that he would return the book before leaving.† To insure is to enter into an agreement to assure against future loss: â€Å"The Joneses decided to insure their house against flood as well as fire.† 3. envelop / envelope The word without the final e is a verb meaning â€Å"to surround†: â€Å"Come, let me envelop you in my arms.† The word with the final e is a noun, meaning â€Å"container for a letter†: â€Å"She placed the letter in the envelope and sealed it with a kiss.† The verb is pronounced with stress on the second syllable. For the noun, the stress falls on the first syllable. As for the pronunciation of the noun’s first syllable, both EN and ON are heard. For an extended commentary on the pronunciation of envelope, see The Big Book of Beastly Mispronunciations by Charles Elster. 4. famous / infamous Many bloggers seem to be unaware that these two words are not interchangeable. Not only have I seen people like Hitler and Al Capone referred to as â€Å"famous,† I’ve recently seen infamous used in reference to people who, as far as I know, are not noted for doing bad things. Both adjectives mean â€Å"well known,† but famous means well known for admirable qualities, whereas infamous implies despicable behavior. Princess Diana is famous for her work in ridding the world of landmines. The gangster John Dillinger was an infamous bank robber. 5. farther / further A great deal of ink, real and virtual, is spilled insisting that further must never be used in reference to physical distance. According to this argument, we may say, â€Å"I walked farther than you,† but not, â€Å"I walked further than you.† This is one of those prissy distinctions that has found its way into stylebooks, but is belied by centuries of usage. Either farther or further is acceptable in the context of physical distance. However, as Paul Brians (Common Errors in English Usage) puts it, â€Å"Some people get really testy about this.† Further, on the other hand, is the preferred form in abstract and figurative senses: â€Å"This office will be closed until further notice.† Further is the only choice as a verb: â€Å"Mr. Smith’s generous donation will enable us to further our plans for expanding the homeless shelter.† 6. flaunt / flout â€Å"To flout† is to express contempt for something. If you’re showing something off, you’re  flaunting  it. If you’re disregarding a law, a rule, or a social convention, you’re  flouting  it. For example: â€Å"I unfriended Charlie because he was constantly flouting civil behavior with his vulgar language.† â€Å"She is unbelievably wealthy, but she doesn’t flaunt it.† 7. flounder / founder Used as verbs, these two words are often confused. Literally, to flounder means â€Å"to struggle†: â€Å"The cat floundered desperately in the water.† Literally, founder may be used in any of the following senses: [of a building] to fall down [of a horse] to fall helplessly to the ground [of a ship] to fill with water and sink Figuratively, flounder retains the meaning of â€Å"to struggle† with the added connotations of ineptness, confusion, or embarrassment: â€Å"He floundered  for a bit,  trying  to figure out how to rephrase the question.† Figuratively, founder means â€Å"to fail†: â€Å"Even with that money, there’s no guarantee the daycare wouldn’t founder later.† 8. forbear / forebear The first, forbear, is a verb meaning â€Å"to refrain from†: â€Å"Prince Charles will forbear from making political pronouncements when he becomes king, The Observer reported yesterday.† The second, forebear, is a noun meaning ancestor: â€Å"The British must rediscover the boldness and ambition of their Victorian forebears, say the politicians.† 9. forward / foreword The confusion between these words is understandable. The adjective forward describes something that is in front of or ahead of something else. The noun foreword is a preface, a brief essay that stands at the front of a book. An easy way to keep them straight is to pay attention to the word in foreword. A foreword is made up of words. 10. fortuitous / fortunate Both words derive from Latin fortuna, â€Å"luck or chance.† Fortuna could be either good or bad; it was what happened to a person. In modern English, fortunate has the connotation of good fortune only: â€Å"It was fortunate for him that someone heard his cries for help.† Fortuitous, on the other hand, retains the notion of happenstance or accident. â€Å"A fortuitous meeting† is an accidental meeting. However, because of the similarity of fortuitous to fortunate, the expression â€Å"a fortuitous meeting† is most commonly understood to mean a meeting that was lucky as well as coincidental. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? 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Proj Risk Mgmt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proj Risk Mgmt - Essay Example Strategies to control the risks are identified, plans are established on how to deal with the risk, and the correct action is taken (PMBOK, 2008, pp 309). Risk audits are also carried out to examine the value of the risks responses when dealing with the cause of the risk, and how effective the risk management plan is. When conducting the risk management, trend analysis is used to monitor performance of the project. Technical measurements compare technical accomplishments during a project implementation to the project management schedule. Moreover, the technical performance can be used to compare the results of the management plan with the targets. In order for the risk management plan to be effective, reserve analysis is carried out to compare the amount of reserve that has remained to the total amount of risk remaining. In addition, the amount of time required to tackle a risk depends on the number of risks identified (PMBOK 2008, Pp 310). Project schedule slippage This term means t he delay in the completion of a project from the estimated time scheduled for completion. A project can be delayed due to various reasons such as; lack of proper planning, re-doing of a particular section of work for some time hence taking over the expected time, lack of enough resources for a project to be completed on time, proper planning and willingness to carry out the task. A lot of time is wasted when resources, tools, and equipments run out of stock, thus the employees have to wait for delivery. Indeed, this wasted time is not accounted for. Another factor to consider is the time wastage due to un-inevitable event, for instant, the illness of a coordinator will require waiting until he gets better or hiring a new one who will take time to familiarize with the project. Schedule delay may cause problems to the owners and contractors of that project in that, the additional time added may amount to many unplanned added costs. Therefore, it is important for every project to be ma naged to a schedule (Hullet, 2009, pp, 1). Diagnostic metrics This metric is used to provide information on a system. Diagnostic metrics assess the situation of a system, detect any anomalies, and forecast on future problems based on the latest date. The root cause of a variance is usually determined via the use of metrics. With the cause of each variance identified, it easy to know what measures to take. After dealing with the main variance problem, it is easier to tackle related problems that will arise in the project (Kendrick, 2010, pp 278). However, â€Å"metrics can be used to detect changes, make performance and progress visible, evaluate progress evaluation, and trigger process improvements† (Kendrick, 2009, pp 237). Since incorrect activity duration estimates may push all personnel into work too early or too late, how can a Project Manager motivate their teams by learning more accurate estimating? First, a manager can match a task to an employee depending on his avai lability, such that, he is sure that the task will be completed within the agreed time. This strategy makes it possible for an employee to dedicate his effort on the assignment since the manager relies on him. Secondly, the manager may reallocate assignments to those employees who have fewer assignments. This creates a sense of equality among employees. A manager can also assign critical part of an